![]() ![]() Other separation principles include ion exchange, ion-pair formation, size exclusion, hydrophobic interaction, and chiral recognition. In practice, separations frequently result from a combination of adsorption and partitioning effects. Partitioning is the predominant mechanism of separation in gasliquid chromatography, paper chromatography, in forms of column chromatography and in thin-layer chromatography designated as liquid-liquid separation. In the latter process, a liquid coated onto an inert support, or chemically bonded onto silica gel, or directly onto the wall of a fused silica capillary, serves as the stationary phase. Generally, the solute is transported through the separation medium by means of a flowing stream of a liquid or a gaseous solvent known as the eluant. The stationary phase may act through adsorption, as in the case of adsorbents such as activated alumina and silica gel, or it may act by dissolving the solute, thus partitioning the latter between the stationary and mobile phases. ![]() It is the mobile phase that transfers the solute through the medium until it eventually emerges separated from other solutes that are eluted earlier or later. The general chromatographic technique requires that a solute undergo distribution between two phases, one of them fixed (stationary phase), the other moving (mobile phase).
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